Saturday, March 9, 2019

Have you ever wanted to manipulate your mind for success?

Have you ever wanted to manipulate your mind for success?
Well, as humans we are constantly driven by underlying habits, and it’s almost like we are running on auto-pilot most of the time. Understanding this may mean that the key to positive change is to warp these habits or maybe even replace them with better ones for good.

One thing I’ve learned up to this point in life is that the mind has a memory. And it’s damn smart; it “subconsciously” recognizes patterns. Once the patterns become a habit, it’s hard to stop. It requires extra mental strength to break the habit.

“Starting from small, it becomes big.”

  • Starting with white lies, repeatedly, you become a compulsive liar.
  • Starting with shoplifting a lipstick, repeatedly, you become a thief.
  • Starting with faking documents, repeatedly, you can become a white collar criminal.
  • Starting with being dishonest, repeatedly, you become a cheater.
At the same time…
1) Starting with exercising at least 3 times a week, repeatedly, you become fit.
2) Starting with eating healthy everyday, repeatedly, you become well and healthy.
3) Starting with walking with your back straight, repeatedly, you have an elegant posture.
4) Starting with smiling and being positive, you become a happy person to be around inside and out and attract people with the same energy to you.
5) Starting with giving unused clothes and loose change to the homeless, repeatedly, you become empathetic and giving.
6) Starting with sharing things with others, repeatedly, you become generous.
7) Starting with only doing things that align with your core values, repeatedly, you are a person of meaningful values.
8) Starting with reading, repeatedly, you become addicted to learning.
9) Starting with making sure you get what you need done for the day, repeatedly, you are always on top of everything.
10) Starting with being focused, each task at a time, repeatedly, you can easily get into the flow and be productive.
11) Starting with thinking outside the box, repeatedly, you become extremely creative.
12) Starting with getting out of your comfort zone, repeatedly, you become confident and fearless.
13) Starting with telling yourself what you want to achieve in life, repeatedly, you will get there.
14) Starting with just getting it started, repeatedly, anything you want to be and do, you can be and do.

How to control people with your mind

How to control people with your mind

"A nuclear bomb is the most powerful weapon that currently exists, right after psychology"
This is not a hypnosis article nor it’s an article that talks about using reverse psychology to control people but it’s an article that describes how psychology can be used to manipulate the way people think, act and behave.

Why do people do what they do?

Emotions are a very powerful source of motivation. Under the powerful effect of emotions some people commit suicide while others sacrifice their lives for the people they love.
Emotions can motivate people to take certain actions and to behave in certain ways. If somehow you managed to induce a certain emotion in a person he will then take the action that he usually takes when he experiences this emotion.
For example, if an aggressive bad tempered person was tempted he will surely start screaming or start a fight. You can easily motivate that person to fight with someone else by just triggering his anger.

How can people be controlled?

The first thing you need to do is to understand that person’s personality so that you can guess what actions he will take when he experiences a certain emotion.
For example if your manager always shouts but he stops doing it when he feels guilty then inducing guilt in him won’t only let him treat you well but it will also result in letting him do his best to help you.
Earlier When I used to work in an office I had a big fight with my manager which could have resulted in losing my job. What I did was acting as if the problem affected me emotionally by looking down whenever I see him and by never expressing my feelings.
The man felt so guilty, he apologized to me and since then he has done his best to make me feel happy and satisfied.
In short, I made him feel guilty instead of making him feel angry because under the effect of anger he would have fired me.

How you can use emotions to control people

  • Fear: Today a really big man wanted to start a fight with me, I acted bravely, took the body language confidence positions, shouted at him back and looked him straight into the eye. The wild big man became afraid and pulled back to the extent that I pushed him and he didn’t do anything back.
  • Guilt: Even devils have hearts, as long as the person is feeling angry he will try to harm you but if you managed to make him feel guilty then he will stop. This works best with managers.
  • Ego involvement : Tell your husband that everybody is expecting that you both are going to breakup and he will do his best to stay with you to preserve his ego. This Works best with arrogant people and those having inflated egos.
  • Addiction: You can even control someone and make him fall in love with you by using induced addiction. In my book How to make someone fall in love with you i explained how spending exciting moments with someone and providing him with nurturing when he is in need of it can make him fall in love with you.
  • Anger: is it useful to induce anger in someone? Yes, if I found my sister acting weak when facing her husband so that she can’t take her rights I would ignite the flame of anger inside her mind so that she stands up for her rights.
As you can see inducing a certain emotion in someone results in letting him act in a certain way. By having some understanding of that person you will be able to move him in the direction you want without doing any effort.
Source : 2knowmyself

Alzheimer's: How does the brain change over the course of the disease?

Alzheimer's: How does the brain change over the course of the disease?


What changes in the brain are caused by Alzheimer's disease? How do these changes differ from those observed in the normal ageing process? Researchers from the CNRS, the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) and the University of Valencia (Spain) explored these questions by analysing over 4,000 MRI scans of healthy and diseased brains using the "volBrain" platform. Their models, published in the March 8, 2019 edition of Scientific Reports, reveal an early atrophy of the amygdala and hippocampus at age 40 in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is characterised by changes in the brain, some of which can be measured in the patient using biomarkers such as the size of different areas of the brain. Studying these biomarkers has shown that certain brain structures shrink in the presence of Alzheimer's well before the first signs of dementia appear. Key questions remained however: when and how did changes in these biomarkers differ between a healthy subject and one with Alzheimer's, for example?
To answer these questions, researchers at the Laboratoire bordelais de recherche en informatique (LaBRI) (CNRS/Bordeaux INP/Université de Bordeaux), at the Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience (CNRS/Université de Bordeaux/EPHE) and the University of Valencia (Spain) created a model which traces brain changes and activity over an entire life span using a massive set of over 4,000 MRI scans processed with the volBrain[1] platform. Prior to this, scientists did not have images covering every period of an Alzheimer patient's life. Researchers suggested modelling the changes generally seen in the volumes of different structures using a vast quantity of samples in order to pinpoint where healthy brains diverged from diseased ones over time.
Based on MRI scans from 2,944 healthy control subjects between the ages of 9 months to 94 years old, the team developed a 'normal' model of average brain changes, which they compared to a pathological model based on MRIs from 1,385 Alzheimer's patients aged over 55 and 1,877 young control subjects. Their results show an early divergence between the pathological models and the normal trajectory of ageing of the hippocampus before age 40, and of the amygdala around age 40. Both of these structures suffer atrophy in the presence of Alzheimer's disease. Also evident is an early enlargement, in patients with the disease, of an internal cavity in the brain known as the lateral ventricle. This enlargement is part of the ageing process in normal subjects too, however, thus limiting the pertinence of this measurement in subjects of an advanced age, and reaffirming the usefulness of studying biomarkers across an entire life span.

Friday, March 8, 2019

Learning new vocabulary during deep sleep

Researchers showed that we can acquire the vocabulary of a new language during distinct phases of slow-wave sleep and that the sleep-learned vocabulary could be retrieved unconsciously following waking. Memory formation appeared to be mediated by the same brain structures that also mediate wake vocabulary learning.

Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent asleep could be used more productively -- e.g. for learning a new language? To date sleep research focused on the stabilization and strengthening (consolidation) of memories that had been formed during preceding wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is considerable evidence for wake-learned information undergoing a recapitulation by replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still fragile memory traces und embeds the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge.

If re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information, then first-play -- i.e., the initial processing of new information -- should also be feasible during sleep, potentially carving out a memory trace that lasts into wakefulness. This was the research question of Katharina Henke, Marc Züst und Simon Ruch of the Institute of Psychology and of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation "Decoding Sleep" at the University of Bern, Switzerland. These investigators now showed for the first time that new foreign words and their translation words could be associated during a midday nap with associations stored into wakefulness. Following waking, participants could reactivate the sleep-formed associations to access word meanings when represented with the formerly sleep-played foreign words. The hippocampus, a brain structure essential for wake associative learning, also supported the retrieval of sleep-formed associations. The results of this experiment are published open access in the scientific journal Current Biology.
The brain cells' active states are central for sleep-learning
The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells' active states, the so-called "Up-states." When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called "Up-state" and the inactive state "Down-state." The two states alternate about every half-second.
Semantic associations between sleep-played words of an artificial language and their German translations words were only encoded and stored, if the second word of a pair was repeatedly (2, 3 or 4 times) played during an Up-state. E.g., when a sleeping person heard the word pairs "tofer = key" and "guga = elephant," then after waking they were able to categorize with a better-than-chance accuracy whether the sleep-played foreign words denominated something large ("Guga") or small ("Tofer"). "It was interesting that language areas of the brain and the hippocampus -- the brain's essential memory hub -- were activated during the wake retrieval of sleep-learned vocabulary because these brain structures normally mediate wake learning of new vocabulary," says Marc Züst, co-first-author of this paper. "These brain structures appear to mediate memory formation independently of the prevailing state of consciousness -- unconscious during deep sleep, conscious during wakefulness."
Memory formation does not require consciousness
Besides its practical relevance, this new evidence for sleep-learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The notion of sleep as an encapsulated mental state, in which we are detached from the physical environment is no longer tenable. "We could disprove that sophisticated learning be impossible during deep sleep," says Simon Ruch, co-first-author. The current results underscore a new theoretical notion of the relationship between memory and consciousness that Katharina Henke published in 2010 (Nature Reviews Neuroscience). "In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be utilized for the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years," says Katharina Henke.
Decoding sleep
The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation "Decoding Sleep: From Neurons to Health & Mind" (IRC). Decoding Sleep is a large, interdisciplinary research project that is financed by the University of Bern, Switzerland. Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology, psychology, and informatics are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness, and cognition.
The reported study was carried out in collaboration with Roland Wiest who is affiliated with the Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN) at the Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern. Both research groups also belong to the BENESCO consortium, which consists of 22 interdisciplinary research groups specialized in sleep medicine, epilepsy and research on altered states of consciousness.

Source :  Science Daily



Humans could achieve Super-intelligence

Humans could achieve ‘super-intelligence’ in as little as FIVE YEARS by implanting tiny computer chips into our brains, expert claims

  • Researchers working to develop smart brain implants for non-medical reasons 
  • These chips could serve as brain-computer interface to boost our intelligence
  • Neuroscientist developing a chip of his own predicts they'll be here in 5 years 

High-tech chips implanted in the brain could soon give humans an intelligence boost.
Researchers have been working to develop minimally invasive methods to hack the human brain and squeeze out more of its potential.
Recent technological advancements could make this possible within the next five years, Northwestern University neuroscientist Dr. Moran Cerf told CBS – but, he warns the move could also create new forms of social inequality.

High-tech chips implanted in the brain could soon give humans an intelligence boost. Researchers have been working to develop minimally invasive methods to hack the human brain and squeeze out more of its potential. Stock image
‘Make it so that it has an internet connection, and goes to Wikipedia, and when I think this particular thought, it gives me the answer,’ Cerf told CBS.
The neuroscientist and business professor is currently working to develop one such chip, with the goal of improving human intelligence by melding it with technology.
This idea has taken off in recent years, with initiatives such as Elon Musk-backed Neuralink working to develop brain-computer interfaces.
DARPA has also expressed continued interest in the field as it works to enhance soldiers’ cognitive abilities and grasp on technology.
‘Everyone is spending a lot of time right now trying to find ways to get things into the brain without drilling a hole in your skull,’ Cerf told CBS.
‘Can you eat something that will actually get to your brain? Can you eat things in parts that will assemble inside your head.’
According to Cerf, we may be just a few years away from the solution. But, its use in everyday society could make for extreme intelligence gaps within a given population. 
Just this past summer, the Pentagon’s research arm made moves in a project that intends to bridge the gap between humans and machines.
DARPA selected a number of teams in July to develop a neural interface as part of its new N3 program, with a goal of developing systems that would allow troops to send and receive information using their brainwaves, according to Nextgov.
This means troops could one day control drones, cyber defense systems, and other technology with their mind.
It might sound like science fiction, but the agency is looking to see this done in one of two ways: a non-invasive device outside of the body, or a non-surgical system that could be swallowed, injected, or delivered up the nose.
And in spring of 2017, the agency funded eight separate research efforts to determine if electrical stimulation can safely be used to 'enhance learning and accelerate training skills.'
The program, called the Targeted Neuroplasticity Training (TNT) program, aimed to use the body's peripheral nervous system to accelerate the learning process.
This would be done by activating a process known as 'synaptic plasticity' – a key process in the brain involved in learning – with electrical stimulation.
Ultimately, doing this could allow a person to quickly master complex skills that would normally take thousands of hours of practice.

HOW IS THE US MILITARY HOPING TO 'HACK' SOLDIERS BRAINS?

Darpa's four-year Targeted Neuroplasticity Training (TNT) program aims to use the body's peripheral nervous system to accelerate the learning process.
This would be done by activating a process known as 'synaptic plasticity' – a key process in the brain involved in learning – with electrical stimulation.
Some teams will be working with intelligence analysts and foreign language specialists to shape the platform around currently training practices.
Researchers will look into using the technique across a wide range of applications, including decision-making and spatial navigation, speech perception and threat recognition.
'Imagine you're struggling to learn something new, like multiplication tables or how to hit a golf ball,' said Dr Robert Rennaker, of the University of Texas at Dallas’ Texas Biomedical Device Center.
'When you get it right, when that light bulb comes on, this system is being activated.
'By stimulating the vagus nerve during the learning process, we're artificially releasing these chemicals to enhance those connections active during learning.' 
Source: Daily Mail

Believing What We Remember

Believing What We Remember

Many of our beliefs are tied to our memories, but memories are fallible.

Whatever you believe about the world and about yourself at this moment — without consulting books or the internet — comes from your memory. In a real sense, even your belief about who you are — your self-identity — is based on who you remember yourself to be. It is your memory that provides you with a sense of continuity in your life.

Until not so many years ago, experimental psychologists viewed memory simply as a very sophisticated recording process, and any errors were treated as defects in the process. A mountain of research now clearly contradicts that view. We now know that errors of memory are commonplace, not rare, and that, rather than being caused by defects, they reflect the fundamental character of the memory process. Memory is not some sort of cerebral video recorder that captures events around us as we experience them. As solid and reliable as most of our personal memoriesseem to be, memories are not direct and faithful records of our past. And sometimes, we can have “memories” of events that never occurred at all. To the extent that our memories are fallible, many of our beliefs are likewise vulnerable to error.
There are a number of influences that can distort or corrupt our memories and the beliefs associated with them:
1. Retroactive Falsification
When an event is recalled a number of times in succession, the details tend to become more consistent with one’s belief about the event. For example, suppose you describe a recent experience with a rude waiter. You recall that your partner had complained about the soup not being hot enough, and that you sarcastically suggested to the waiter that the chef should learn how to cook. The waiter then snarkily advised you to dine somewhere else next time. As you relate this account, your listener responds by suggesting that your sarcasm may have provoked the rude response, thereby challenging the “rude waiter” theme of your story. Now, the next time you tell the story, you may unwittingly or perhaps even deliberately reduce the likelihood of such a challenge by leaving out the bit about your sarcasm. Each new reconstruction influences the following one, and over several retellings, you may actually forget all about your sarcasm. This is retroactive falsification, and it can occur completely without awareness. It serves to maintain your belief — in this case, that the waiter was spontaneously rude.
2. The Misinformation Effect
The misinformation effect occurs when misleading information acquired subsequent to an experience leads to alterations in memory and belief about the experience. In one study, participants were presented with a series of photographs portraying a thief stealing a woman’s wallet and putting it in his jacket pocket. Subsequently, the participants listened to a recording that described the series of photos, but the recording indicated that the thief had put the wallet into his pants pocket. A substantial proportion of the participants later recalled that the photographs had shown the thief putting the wallet into his pants pocket. The subsequent misinformation had become part of their memories and their beliefs about what had occurred.
3. Imagination Inflation.
Research has demonstrated that something imagined in the context of a particular memory is sometimes later “remembered” as having actually happened. As result of this imagination inflation, the “memory” may carry with it all the corresponding emotional and physical reactions that would occur were the memory accurate.
This poses a significant risk of memory contamination in settings in which authorities make suggestions, such as in therapy settings. When a therapist simply suggests to a client that an unfortunate event might have occurred in her childhood — as some careless therapists do — this can be enough for imagination inflation to occur, and for the imagined event to take on an air of reality. It is similarly a problem in the courtroom, where suggestions made by attorneys can sometimes result in distortions in a witness’s memory.
4. Source-monitoring Errors.
Distortions in memory can also come about because of source-monitoring errors in which information is recalled, but, with the passage of time, its dubious source has been forgotten. No longer being able to evaluate the information in terms of the reliability of the source, an individual may now believe information that earlier was not considered credible. (This is sometimes referred to as the sleeper effect.) For example, you mention to your friend that diet colas are bad for your teeth, and your friend challenges you about where you learned this. You remember having “heard it somewhere,” but have forgotten that it was your neighbor, Joe, who told it to you. In reality, you have no confidence in anything Joe tells you, and so had you remembered that the statement came from him, you would have discounted it completely.
5. Confidence.
When we are confident that a memory is accurate, we will be confident that the associated belief is correct. Similarly, we tend to trust other people’s memories when they are confident in them. This trust is misplaced, for researchers have repeatedly found that confidence in a memory is at best a poor predictor of its accuracy. Memories can be held with great confidence even when they are false. 
What all this tells us is that while we take for granted that our memories are more or less accurate records of our experiences, this is not always the case. We need to understand that there are times when our memories can be greatly at variance with what actually occurred, despite our confidence in their veracity. The problem is, of course, that erroneous memories often appear as vivid and realistic as those that are accurate. This should make us cautious about relying completely on our memories to justify our beliefs.

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